companies and battery recyclers partnered to supply the automobile industry with a source of battery materials. Import Sources (2019–22): Argentina, 51%; Chile, 43%; China, 3%; Russia, 2%; and other, 1%. Tariff: Item Number Normal Trade Relations 12–31–23 . Lithium oxide and hydroxide 2825.20.0000 3.7% ad valorem. Lithium carbonate: