Role of Plastic Deformation of Binder on Stress Evolution during Charging and Discharging in Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes. Ehsan Kabiri Rahani 1 and Vivek B. Shenoy 3,2. Published 14 May 2013 ... there is a significant distinction between the core stress and shell stress, forming compressive stress in core and tensile stress on the ...